Bu dönemi anlatan Richard D. Altick'in Victorian People and Ideas kitabının önemli noktalarını özetliyeceğim:
-Chapter II-
An Evolving Society
- Victorian literature talks about the social conditions of its time. There are so many novelists who write about the conditions of the workers. What is going on in the factories, and how they are suffering under bad conditions?
-There are three classes: Upper, middle and worker class. People are divided according to their jobs and wealth. These classes are very strict and people have to behave according to its class.
Aristocracy:
The government governed by aristocracy. They control the politics, and there are families who try to protect their positions by making marriages within family.
- Aristocracy controls the politics.
- They marry within family to protect their positions.
The gentry and the middle class:
- The gentry' people are the gentlemen. The concept of gentleman was born in this era.
- The middle class itself divided into lots of groups according to their region, occupation and income.
Factory and Slum
- The worker class has no chance, they have to work to survive and there are no laws to protect them or social insurance. Their conditions are worst even than the slaves. 16 hours a day, six days a week.
- They have lots of health conditions too, because of the stream voice, or poisoned because of the dust.
- While the increase of industries and factories benefit for the country, it makes the poor people's conditions the worst.
- There are lots of industrial towns born for laborers.
The weaker sex:
- It is believed that woman has no intelligence.
- No any other chance, has to wok, has to devote herself into her husband and children.
Chapter III
- Railroads bring commerce and crowd. There is an increase of population.
- Cities become crowded, noisy and dirty, and they have their own dialect, own cultures.
Chapter VI:
- Victorian people are religious people and the religion is extremely important for them.
- There are some scientific inquiry occurred by scientists, rationalism occurred and Darwinism. Rationalists try to explain the religion with the logic. They believe mind is the most authorized thing to solve and make comment on the religion. Intellect is the only thing that humankind needs to develop, so they should give up the superstitions.
- No superstitions or miracles.
- They all deal with bible as a text.
- The German Scholars' examined the bible as text too. They try to find the historical backgrounds.
- They suggested that bible is a human document.
- Darwin: There is no existence of god the difference between ape and human is the only intelligence and the ability of think. This is the evolution theory of him. The rejection of God and asks the question what makes human different forum animal.
- They are all thought to be good Christians, but those things attacked their beliefs.
-People got confused; they start to have religious and moral doubts. They couldn't socialize.
Türkçe olarak madde madde viktorya dönemi:
* 1837'de tahta çıkmasıyla başlayan çağ 1901'de kraliçenin ölmesiyle sona erer.
* insanların saygıdeğer görünmek için ikiyüzlü davrandıkları bir dönemdir.
* paraya çok düşkün oldukları için parasız insanların hiçbir değeri yoktu.
* yüce ruhlu görünen insanlar olmalarına rağmen sanata veya güzel olan her şeye karşıydılar.
* cinsellik ve kadına karşı olan bir devir. muhafazakâr bir dönemdir.
* başlıca uğraşları para kazanmaktır.
* birçok yazarı ve düşünürü devirlerini acımazsızca eleştirmişler ve tüm gerçekleriyle yansıtmışlardır.
* ülke çok zengin, çünkü ingiltere'nin sömürgelerine sömürge kattığı dönemdir, fakat bu zenginlik sadece küçük bir kesimin elinde.
* ekonomik düzensizlik, sınıf ayrımlar ve eşitsizlik.
* evlilik kutsal olarak bilinir ama şehir açlıktan ölmemek için fuhuş yapan kadınlarla dolu.
* din çok önemli ve darwin ve bazı bilim adamlarının hıristiyanlıkla ilgili tezleri ve buluşları insanların kafalarını karıştırmıştır.
* insanlar kadın erkek çoluk çocuk demeden madenlerde veya fabrikalarda kölelerden bile daha kötü şartlarda çalışıyorlardı.
* sanayinin artması ülkeyi zenginleştirirken fakir insanların toplumdaki durumunu daha da kötüleştiriyordu.
*tiyatrolarda ve evlerde roman okuyucular vardı. ailece roman okumak o dönemin en önemli aktivitelerinden biriydi. bunu özellikle orta sınıf insanları yapardı.
